To combat fraud in digital identities and provide guidelines for digital authentication, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) updated its Digital Identity Guidelines in June 2017 and has provided a digital identity model that represents their updated guidelines with technologies and architectures that are currently available. This article describes the NIST model and compares NIST’s US-minded approach with the European eIDAS-Regulation and its legal framework.

In Part 1 of this series, we looked at the objectives or motives behind having an eIDAS enabled digital on-boarding process. In Part 2, we look at the actual process that is followed currently and a few examples of the nifty tools and tricks that some banks, financial institutions and even independent app developers are using to digitize the customer on-boarding process. The process can be further simplified using tools provided by eIDAS for electronic identification and authentication.

The ultimate aim of regulations like eIDAS is the creation of a true Digital Single Market (DSM). eIDAS plays its role by providing the necessary authentication and trust service tools to address the needs of the DSM. In order to succeed, however, it is necessary to know what exactly each stakeholder in that market needs.

With each passing year, the volume of international trade in goods and services keeps rising. With all of this trade, however, comes an associated cost. This not only involves some unavoidable components like shipping, but also costs incurred due to inefficiency in other systems like customs clearances and trust between the trading parties.

Signing is a way of showing consent when different stakeholders agree on something and the digital production of a signature is no different. Digital signature processes are integrated in a global ecosystem, where the signature represents the deliberate consent of a signatory so that a contract or transaction can be executed in a non-repudiable way in accordance with contract fulfillment and legal requirements.

The last few decades have seen more countries adopt a democratic form of government than ever before in history. For the most part though, citizens do not directly participate in day-to-day governance but rather elect representatives like Members of Parliament or Senators to do that in their stead. These MPs decide on the issues that are most relevant to society and then these issues are debated on and legislation may follow.

The European healthcare market is currently worth over USD 2 trillion. This figure is only expected to rise further as populations age, not only in the EU but in countries around the world. The cost of healthcare varies greatly and has even given rise to a new industry – medical tourism. Even within the EU, healthcare standards and costs vary greatly. While some of the factors that make healthcare more expensive (like the number of skilled practitioners or wages) cannot be changed overnight, there are certain other inefficiencies which can be removed.

This article describes a model that could enable an electronically signed document to be printed out and used as an original in legal proceedings, in compliance with the eIDAS regulation.

The eIDAS Regulation creates a pan European market for electronic Trust Services (eTS). This includes things like electronic signatures and seals, electronic service delivery, website authentication and time stamps. The major thrust of the Regulation is towards ensuring that these mechanisms, when used, get the same legal status as conventional paper-based alternatives - across borders, throughout the EU.